Introduction to Water, Science & Economy

hmm...

life is not fair, so some people will always have to do more to get water, but it shouldn`t be this way, because everyone should have the right to life, and this includes acces to water.

Science,economy and water

As much of you said water is a substance that can be recreated by chemists,but the costs in energy money and raw material won't worth the effort. If we use sea water, desalinization also costs a lot, and gives a poor quality level. That makes the efforts of scientist very difficult,but not impossible, here is where I c see the involvment of government and the private sector. If there will be provided sufficient resources for scientist for their experiments, there is a possibility to avoid privatisation of water,otherwise we will assist at a community where undeveloped countries will be ruined, and there will be an increased level of mortality.
Another way of preserving water is restructuring the industry and their pollution. It must include not only the high-developed countries where in last years the level of pollution decreased, I refer mostly to the countries where the resources are insufficient for replacing water supply systems and water filters. It's better to prevent than search new methods of obtaining water, and I believe we can still have time to do it.

DILEMMA

I think, privatisation is a way to save water but also it creates an unequal situation. People who can not afford to buy water, can not drink. So it takes the right of life from poor people.

Sea WaTER

Sea water contains about 3.5% salt on average, plus smaller amounts of other substances. The physical properties of sea water differ from fresh water in some important respects. It freezes at a lower temperature (about -1.9C) and its density increases with decreasing temperature to the freezing point, instead of reaching maximum density at a temperature above freezing. The salinity of water in major seas varies from about 0.7% in the Baltic Sea to 4.0% in the Red Sea.

Yes

i think we don't appreciate enough the water, the sea and the ocean!without them wouldn't be were we are now!

Yes

I think the water is part of our economy! first of all the ships are working only on water, and i don't think that without the sea we woult developed so much!

Yes, you have reason, i also

Yes, you have reason, i also think that make profit with water is not correct because a lot of poor people can´t afford to buy it and have to support the lack of it.

Thats right

All those facts are true.I dont think its a good idea to trade with water.It will only couse bad happenings

The human body is anywhere

The human body is anywhere from 55% to 78% water depending on body size. To function properly, the body requires between one and seven liters of water per day to avoid dehydration; the precise amount depends on the level of activity, temperature, humidity, and other factors. Most of this is ingested through foods or beverages other than drinking straight water. It is not clear how much water intake is needed by healthy people, though most advocates agree that 6–7 glasses of water (approximately 2 liters) daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration. Medical literature favors a lower consumption, typically 1 liter of water for an average male, excluding extra requirements due to fluid loss from exercise or warm weather. For those who have healthy kidneys, it is rather difficult to drink too much water, but (especially in warm humid weather and while exercising) it is dangerous to drink too little. People can drink far more water than necessary while exercising, however, putting them at risk of water intoxication (hyperhydration), which can be fatal. The "fact" that a person should consume eight glasses of water per day cannot be traced back to a scientific source. There are other myths such as the effect of water on weight loss and constipation that have been dispelled

Thanks for the information

Thanks for the information about the main topics. In my opinion water should be available for everyone because it's necessary to survive (like air or food). It would be cruel to forbid water for people who can't pay for it.

Water economy plan for Estonia’s hydrospheres

Minister for the Environment Rein Randver has signed a directive which will lead to the development of a water economy plan for three of Estonia’s hydrospheres - Eastern Estonia, Western Estonia and Koiva. On this basis, action plans can be established for the maintenance of all the country’s waterways.

“EU member states have been developing water economy plans since 2003, with the economy organised on the basis of catchment areas,” explained Indrek Tamberg, director of the ministry’s Water Department. “What this means is that a waterway has to be taken into consideration as a whole, regardless of which municipalities or counties different parts of it may be located in. With these economy plans we can then put together action plans so that all of Estonia’s waterways are kept in good condition.”

The water economy plan provides an assessment of the state of the country’s waterways, establishes the objectives for each, outlines the monitoring principles of water conditions and lists the measures that need to be taken in order to ensure that all of the waterways are in good condition by 2015 at the latest. The economy plans for the hydrospheres or river basins are themselves based on similar plans for sub-basins (of which there are eight in Estonia) which were compiled in 2001. The majority of these have been approved and are being implemented.

The catchment area-based plans are to be developed for the three hydrospheres by the Ministry of the Environment in association with other state institutions and experts, and are due for completion by 2009. Waterway users will find themselves in a new situation due to the organisation of catchment area protection. For example, people situated by the headwaters of a river will have to take those in the lower reaches into account when using the water.

Every resident of Estonia has the opportunity to contribute to the development of the water economy plans. The Ministry of the Environment will be organising public meetings on the issue and will publish draft plans for comments and suggestions.

Learned societies for the

Learned societies for the communication and promotion of scientific thought and experimentation have existed since the Renaissance period.[19] The oldest surviving institution is the Accademia dei Lincei in Italy.[20] National Academy of Sciences are distinguished institutions that exist in a number of countries, beginning with the British Royal Society in 1660[21] and the French Académie des Sciences in 1666.[22]

Science (from the Latin

Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") is, in its broadest sense, any systematic knowledge-base or prescriptive practice that is capable of resulting in a prediction or predictable type of outcome. In this sense, science may refer to a highly skilled technique or practice.

The major chemical and

The major chemical and physical properties of water are:

Water is a tasteless, odorless liquid at standard temperature and pressure. The color of water and ice is, intrinsically, a very light blue hue, although water appears colorless in small quantities. Ice also appears colorless, and water vapor is essentially invisible as a gas.[9]
Water is transparent, and thus aquatic plants can live within the water because sunlight can reach them. Only strong UV light is slightly absorbed.
Since the water molecule is not linear and the oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen atoms, it carries a slight negative charge, whereas the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive. As a result, water is a polar molecule with an electrical dipole moment. The net interactions between the dipoles on each molecule cause an effective skin effect at the interface of water with other substances, or air at the surface, the latter given rise to water's high surface tension. This dipolar nature contributes to water molecules' tendency to form hydrogen bonds which cause water's many special properties.[10] The polar nature also favors adhesion to other materials.
A result of interplay of these properties, Capillary action refers to the tendency of water to move up a narrow tube against the force of gravity. This property is relied upon by all vascular plants, such as trees.
Water is a good solvent and is often referred to as the universal solvent. Substances that dissolve in water, e.g., salts, sugars, acids, alkalis, and some gases – especially oxygen, carbon dioxide (carbonation) are known as hydrophilic (water-loving) substances, while those that do not mix well with water (e.g., fats and oils), are known as hydrophobic (water-fearing) substances.
All the major components in cells (proteins, DNA and polysaccharides) are also dissolved in water.
Pure water has a low electrical conductivity, but this increases significantly with the dissolution of a small amount of ionic material such as sodium chloride.
The boiling point of water (and all other liquids) is dependent on the barometric pressure. For example, on the top of Mt. Everest water boils at about 68 °C (154 °F), compared to 100 °C (212 °F) at sea level. Conversely, water deep in the ocean near geothermal vents can reach temperatures of hundreds of degrees and remain liquid.
Water has the second highest specific heat capacity of any known substance, after ammonia, as well as a high heat of vaporization (40.65 kJ·mol−1), both of which are a result of the extensive hydrogen bonding between its molecules. These two unusual properties allow water to moderate Earth's climate by buffering large fluctuations in temperature.
The maximum density of water occurs at 3.98 °C (39.16 °F).[11] Water becomes even less dense upon freezing, expanding 9%. This results in an unusual phenomenon: water's solid form, ice, floats upon water, allowing organisms to survive inside a partially-frozen water body because the water on the bottom has a temperature of around 4 °C (39 °F).

Water on Earth moves

Water on Earth moves continually trough a cycle of evaporation or transpiration (evapotranspiration), precipitation, and runoff, usually reaching the sea. Over land, evoporation and transpiration contribute to the precipitation over land.

presne tak

presne tak

Hydrologic cycle

The central theme of hydrology is that water moves throughout the Earth through different pathways and at different rates. The most vivid image of this is in the evaporation of water from the ocean, which forms clouds. These clouds drift over the land and produce rain. The rainwater flows into lakes, rivers, or aquifers. The water in lakes, rivers, and aquifers then either evaporates back to the atmosphere or eventually flows back to the ocean, completing a cycle.

Profit

Yes i agree with juanky , privatizate water is not fair because not everyone can´t afford to buy it.We have the problem that water make money for the factories who spend this resource.We need interesting and usefull solutions what do you propose¿?

I think is almost a crime to

I think is almost a crime to privatize water, water is a human right, and we can not let people with out a resource that is so important like water

I think that...

well,I think that water should not be privatised at all,and that it should be a public good for all the people.If we let powerful people own the water,it would lead to wars,many problems,and many people would run out of water because they wouldn't have enough money too buy it,or it would become impossible to find.So definetely no for the privatisation.

Like in the introduction text

Like in the introduction text is said, water has long been a social and public good, but now, it is becomuing an economic good, we can't let our politics using water for economical uses, if we let them do this, water will not be as available as we now at the moment

I agee and i don´t

I agree with you, but i disappointed in one theme, not only for come form Africa is a problem.As you said, you only have to worried if you come form Africa but i don´t thing so.They also exist in Africa some regions that they don´t have problems wtih water like soud-africa.But the main thing is that come from Africa is not the problem, the problem is that rich countries like europeans ones do nothings for help him and that is not fair.More help form Afica and less excuses PLEASE!!

Well

Well No matter in which country we live we must make iconomy and save the water , its not so important where are you from , maybe only if you are from Africa but I think in Europe we don`t have a big problem wirh the water

Suggest something ...

Suggest something ...

insted of agreing with

insted of agreing with everybody you have to continue talking, give your opinion, everyone in this forum agrees with what is written there. you'll have to make more effort.

you're right..

I tihnk draskov is rigth, and I totally agree with him.

the same as you

Yes draskov, i have the same opinion as you, one question, where are you from¿?
I think my country should spend more money for cover all the water needs, i mean less money in innecesary technologies, for example fossils energy.

Juanki, I also live in such a

Juanki, I also live in such a country and I think those potentials which we are used to should be used for providing more water for the people who don't have enough of it.

Questions

ok, what questions do you propose¿?

no it is a good question

no it is a good question

But that restrictions are

But that restrictions are respected or not¿?

yes

we can do it but in summer we have restrictions with the use of the water so we also have problems here

Dangerous situation

Not really, my country is in a dangerous situation, is really that i have the luck of drink water when i whant, but we are is danger if we don´t be carefull with water because we can start to have lack of it

Before privatising water, we

Before privatising water, we should make sure that everyone is aware of the importance sparing water has. People who live in desert countries certainly know it, but to the populations of developped countries, water seems to be an acquired, and an unexhaustable good. However it isn't, and we should mind more our daily acts as closing taps while brushing our teeth, or not taking too long water. The first stage of saving water is reducing its everyday waste by simple acts. Water is scarce, help us save it.

Ihave the luck of living in a

Ihave the luck of living in a country that does not need to much water, i can drink it from my bathroom, and it is in a perfect state. i am one of most of people who has this luck, have you got it?

Eny one here lives in a

Eny one here lives in a desert country¿ me yes and i have to say that water is esential for our life so don´t speend so much PLEASE

hello

Well like in every other topic we must say that the water is the most imortant thing and we must save it .. not to use it for bullshits like to shoot someone with a gun with water or something like that

Water , Science and Economy

Mariana I really liked the poem that you have written!It tells everything that everybody has to realise!It's a very nice way to make some things happen!I think that each of us has been bored of telling things and seeing that nothing has been done!!

In my opinion the

In my opinion the civilization have gone too far in it's exploatation of the environment to allow itself not to privatize the water,at least partially. We have gained legal ownership over every part of the world - forests, land, animals... I really belive that if the governments privitize water supplies they will start taking care of them and will ensure their safty just as it does with eveything else.

Water is chemical

Water is chemical substance that is composed of hydrogen and oxygen and is essential for all known forms of life. Water refers to its liquid form or state, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam. Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. On Earth, it is found mostly in oceans and other large water bodies, with 1.6% of water below ground in aquifers and 0.001% in the air as vapor in clouds formed of solid and liquid water particles suspended in air.
Oceans hold 97% of surface water, glaciers and polar ice caps 2.4%, and other land surface water such as rivers, lakes and ponds 0.6%. A very small amount of water is contained within biological bodies .
Water moves continually through a cycle of evaporation or transpiration ,precipitation, and runoff, usually reaching the sea.

Ocean

Like an ocean

Tears from your eyes are rolling down your face.

They are salty,
like an ocean.
They are deep,
like an ocean,
and they are unknown,
like an ocean.

There are hidden many stories in people´s cry,
and they are hidden in ocean.

Pure water becomes sewer .
Dry eyes start to cry.

Can we stop it?

No...
Crying is endless,
like an ocean.

@ Athanasia Mylona

That is the problem though the majority of individuals is to selfish to co-operate with others. We here as a group we are just a minority. The worst is that those that "govern the planet" are far more selfish than normal. I believe this is called corruption and occurs when one has more power than one can handle.

The water ia very importante!

I think what water to be saved, for example, when we have just had a bath, to use the water, for example, to water the plants.

About the human race

Some of you seem to be... disappointed with the human race.
I won't disaggre on the fact that humans have made, and continue to make, mistakes. I know that many problems our planet faces exist due to people's irresponsibility or greed for money. However, I also know that, many times, our race has co-operated and achieved, well...wonderful things. Just look at us now! Worried about the environment, trying to find solutions for all the people who suffer from thirst.
I just want to say that it is no good condemning our nature, or even accusing it for our problems. We all know that we can achieve great things, if we co-operate and focus on our purpose.
Just think of that:)

Before this thread becomes too long...

As happy as we are to see the discussions gaining speed and momentum - could we recommend to open up new threads for new questions and ideas? We now have several parallel debates going on in this thread alone...

Just a thought :)

@ MarianaKlacanska

That is the general idea yes but you see not all people think like that. In fact only a small minority does

@ karolko

I totally agree with you. The answer is large foundations such as the UN and the EU

@ Pingu1991

Humans as a race are stubborn. They don't just change their way of thinking. They have to undergo a serious shock in order to change the way they think. For example if someone hasn't lived with 20 liters of water per day one cannot fully comprehend what people in e.g. Africa go through

@ anne.tls

No I do like the human race. (I am part of it) And yes I don't expect mass change. But my point is that people don't want to change. And even if there are a few people that do they can fight for it but unless everyone or at least the majority wants to change we won't

Wather for next generations

We can´t live without water. This is a fact. But many people have forgotten it. For example, many countries and their governments look on water only from economic point of view. I think that it is a big fault, because our oceans, rivers and seas are very important and we must save them for us and for the next generations.